Chloroacetophenone (CN)
- Synonyms: w-chlorocetophenone, a-chloroacetophenone, chlormethylphenylketone, 2-chlor-1 phenyl-1 ethanone.
- Melting point: +54-56 ºC
- Purity: 99%
- Powder: dispersity 40 microns.
- Density: 1,324 gr/ccm³
- Conditional names: CN (USA), CAP (GB), O-Salz (Germany), Grandite (France).
The CN substance is a typical lachrymator. Pure CN is a colorless crystalline substance with a smell of a blooming bird cherry tree. Technical product may have a coloration from straw yellow to grey. The CN substance falls into a category of the substituted fatly fragranced ketones, wich are stable in most cases. Chloroacetophenone practically do not react with water and can be distil with water vapour without noticeable decomposition. CN reacts very slow with alkali in water solutions. Only when boiling in alcoholic and aqueous-alcoholic solutions of alkali CN almost quantitatively hydrolyzes into solid nontoxic phenacyl alcohol. Simultaneously nitric acid oxidizes and nitrates CN.
Chloroacetophenone is stable thermally, melts and is distilled under atmospheric pressure without decomposition, firm to detonation and mingles with propellants in an alloy. These characteristics of CN allow it to be converted into aerosol condition through thermal sublimation out of pyrotechnical mixture and even alloys containing propellants.
It is enough to put on a gas mask to protect oneself from aerosol CN. For CN degassing heated aqueous-alcoholic solutions of sulphury natrium are used.
Bromoacetophenone (analogue of chloroacetophenone)
- Melting point: +50-51 ºC
- Purity: 99%
- Powder: dispersity 40 microns.
- Density: 1,324 gr/ccm³
The distinctive feature of bromoacetophenone is that it is nontoxic but it causes the lachrymation the same way as chloroacetophenone.
Dibenz (CR)
- Synonyms: dibenz (В,f) (1,4) oxazepyn; dibenz (В,f)-1,4-oxazepyn.
- Conditional name in US and Great Britain Armies: CR.
Substance CR has a intensive irritating action on eyes, nasopharynx and skin. The contact of aerosol with eye mucous membrane causes tears flow, sharp pain in eyes, temporary sight loss. The aerosol inhalation causes strong cough, sneezing and coryza. Grade of hurt when contacting skin depends on the CR dosage and humidity of skin. With the dosage of 2 mgr of dry CR may be observed a skin reddening. Dosage of 5 mgr. of dry and 0,5 mgr. of humid CR causes appreciable irritation and skin erythema.
10 mgr. of CS causes the same effect. When 20 mgr. of CR contacts the skin burning and strong pain comparable to pain of second-degree burn arise. By comparison with CS and CN erythema disappears much quickly: pain and reddening disappear in 15-20 min after the substance been removed.
Irritating action of CR is stronger than CS. Basic concentration 0,0002 mgr/l , unbearable one 0,003 mg/l. Meaning
LCt50 350 mgr * min/l.
Fatal effect is not characteristic of CR. Approximate meaning
LCt50 350 mgr * min/l, that is to say in 35-40 times greater than CN.
